2026年6月13日 星期六

道德經 第二章

 道德經  第二章(中英對照)

原文

天下皆知美之為美,斯惡已;皆知善之為善,斯不善已。

故有無相生,難易相成,長短相形,高下相傾,音聲相和,前後相隨。

是以聖人處無為之事,行不言之教;萬物作焉而不辭,生而不有,為而不恃,功成而弗居。

夫唯弗居,是以不去。

> When everyone recognizes beauty as beauty, ugliness already exists.

When everyone recognizes goodness as goodness, evil already exists.

Therefore:

Being and non-being give rise to each other;

Difficult and easy complete each other;

Long and short define each other;

High and low depend upon each other;

Sound and tone harmonize with each other;

Before and after follow each other.

Therefore the Sage practices non-action (wu wei) and teaches without words.

All things arise, yet he does not possess them;

He nurtures them, yet does not claim ownership;

He acts, yet does not depend on his actions;

He accomplishes, yet does not dwell on his achievements.

Because he does not dwell on them,

his accomplishments never leave him.

有無相生

Being and non-being give rise to each other.

「有」與「無」並非對立,而是互相依存。

例如:

房子的牆壁是「有」,房間的空間是「無」。

杯子的材質是「有」,能裝水的空間是「無」。

推手中的進攻是「有」,化勁中的空靈是「無」。

沒有「無」,「有」便失去作用; 沒有「有」,「無」也無從顯現。

太極拳角度

《太極拳論》說:

> 「有意無意之間」

又說:

> 「由著熟而漸悟懂勁,由懂勁而階及神明」

其中的「有」與「無」正是相互轉化:

有形而求無形

有力而歸無力

有招而化無招

有我而歸無我

因此「有無相生」正是太極陰陽互根、虛實互用的重要哲理。

適合演講的簡短英文解釋

> "Being and non-being create each other. Just as a cup is useful because of its empty space, strength becomes effective because of relaxation. In Tai Chi, emptiness and fullness are not opposites—they work together as one."

(有與無互相產生。正如杯子因空間而有用,力量因放鬆而有效。在太極拳中,虛與實不是對立,而是相互成就的一體兩面。)

這句出自《道德經》第六章:有無相生

原文:

> 谷神不死,是謂玄牝。

玄牝之門,是謂天地根。

綿綿若存,用之不勤。

現代中文翻譯

「虛空而能生養萬物的道,永遠不會消失,這就叫做『玄牝』。玄牝之門,就是天地萬物產生的根源。它綿延不絕,似有似無,但其作用永遠不會窮盡。」

其中:

谷神:像山谷般虛空、包容、生生不息的生命力。

玄:深奧、幽微。

牝:雌性、生育萬物的母體。

玄牝:宇宙生生不息的本源,亦即「道」。

> "The Spirit of the Valley never dies;

this is called the Mysterious Female.

The gate of the Mysterious Female

is called the root of Heaven and Earth.

It seems to endure forever;

draw upon it, and it is never exhausted."

太極與內修角度的解釋

若以太極拳或內丹修煉來看:

谷神代表虛靜、空靈的本性。

玄牝代表先天之氣、生機的源頭。

谷神不死表示當人能保持虛靜、無我、鬆沉時,生命力便源源不絕。

太極拳講「虛靈頂勁、氣沉丹田、用意不用力」,其精神與「谷神不死」相通。

推手中若能保持如山谷般空靈,不與人抗,便能「來力不頂,去力不送」,產生化勁的效果。

> "The Valley Spirit never dies. It is the inexhaustible source of life and creation. Like a valley, it remains empty yet receives all things; therefore its power never runs dry."

(谷神永不消亡,它是生命與創造力無窮的源泉。正如山谷因虛空而能容納萬物,所以它的力量永遠不會枯竭。)

2026年6月12日 星期五

《道德經》第三章與太極推手

 《道德經》第三章與太極推手

Chapter 3 of the Tao Te Ching and Tai Chi Push Hands

Although Chapter 3 of the Tao Te Ching does not directly discuss martial arts, its principles closely parallel the mindset and strategy of Tai Chi push hands.


《道德經》第三章原文

Original Chinese Text

不尚賢,使民不爭;
不貴難得之貨,使民不為盜;
不見可欲,使民心不亂。

是以聖人之治:
虛其心,實其腹;
弱其志,強其骨。
常使民無知無欲,
使夫智者不敢為也。
為無為,則無不治。


English Translation

Do not exalt the talented, and people will not compete.

Do not prize rare treasures, and people will not steal.

Do not display objects of desire, and people's hearts will not become disturbed.

Therefore the Sage governs by:

Emptying the mind,

Filling the belly,

Softening ambition,

Strengthening the bones.

He keeps people free from excessive knowledge and desire,

So that the clever dare not manipulate.

Practice non-forcing (Wu Wei),

And nothing will remain out of harmony.


與推手的關聯

Connection to Push Hands

1. 不爭 (Not Contending)

《道德經》

不尚賢,使民不爭。

English

Do not glorify superiority, and people will cease competing.

推手應用

In push hands, the greatest mistake is the desire to win.

Beginners often:

  • try to overpower,
  • push harder,
  • resist directly.

Advanced practitioners:

  • listen first,
  • follow first,
  • transform first.

太極拳論

人剛我柔謂之走。

When the opponent is hard, I become soft.

The goal is not to defeat force with greater force, but to dissolve force.


2. 虛其心

Empty the Mind

《道德經》

虛其心

English

Empty the mind.

推手應用

A cluttered mind cannot listen.

When pushing hands:

  • thinking too much slows response,
  • planning ahead creates tension,
  • anticipation causes mistakes.

The mind should be calm and receptive.

《莊子》

至人之用心若鏡。

The perfected person uses the mind like a mirror.

A mirror reflects but does not cling.

This perfectly describes listening energy (聽勁).


3. 實其腹

Fill the Belly

《道德經》

實其腹

English

Fill the belly.

推手應用

Traditionally this refers to stabilizing one's center.

In Taiji:

  • Dantian (丹田) becomes the center of movement.
  • Force returns to the center.
  • Balance originates from the center.

The body remains rooted rather than top-heavy.


4. 弱其志

Soften Ambition

《道德經》

弱其志

English

Soften ambition.

推手應用

The desire to dominate creates stiffness.

Many practitioners become tense because they:

  • want to win,
  • want to show skill,
  • want immediate success.

The more ambition appears, the less sensitivity remains.

Laozi advises reducing ego-driven intention.


5. 強其骨

Strengthen the Bones

《道德經》

強其骨

English

Strengthen the bones.

推手應用

This does not mean muscular strength alone.

It refers more to:

  • structure,
  • alignment,
  • rooting.

Push hands depends upon skeletal support rather than muscular effort.

Related Taiji Principle

虛領頂勁,氣沉丹田。

The body becomes relaxed yet structurally connected.


6. 無知無欲

Free from Excessive Knowledge and Desire

《道德經》

常使民無知無欲。

English

Keep people free from excessive knowledge and desire.

推手應用

In push hands:

  • excessive technique hunting becomes a burden,
  • excessive desire to control becomes an obstacle.

The highest level becomes natural.

《莊子》

得魚忘筌。

Once the fish is caught, the trap is forgotten.

Similarly:

  • first learn techniques,
  • then transcend techniques.

7. 為無為

Act Through Non-Forcing

《道德經》

為無為,則無不治。

English

Practice non-forcing, and nothing remains out of harmony.

推手中的最高原則

This may be the single sentence that best explains advanced push hands.

When force comes:

  • do not resist,
  • do not collapse,
  • do not rush.

Simply:

  • connect,
  • listen,
  • follow,
  • transform.

Then the appropriate response naturally emerges.


推手中的第三章總結

Chapter 3 Applied to Push Hands

道德經第三章 Push Hands Principle
不爭 Do not compete with force
虛其心 Empty the mind and listen
實其腹 Stabilize the center (Dantian)
弱其志 Let go of ego and ambition
強其骨 Maintain structure and rooting
無知無欲 Avoid attachment to technique
為無為 Respond naturally without forcing

一句話總結

Summary in One Sentence

《道德經》第三章教人「不爭而善勝」,而推手正是將這種無為而化、以柔克剛的智慧,透過身體實踐出來。

Chapter 3 of the Tao Te Ching teaches us to “win without contention”; Tai Chi push hands is the physical embodiment of this wisdom—transforming through non-forcing and overcoming hardness through softness.

道德經 第二章

 道德經  第二章(中英對照) 原文 天下皆知美之為美,斯惡已;皆知善之為善,斯不善已。 故有無相生,難易相成,長短相形,高下相傾,音聲相和,前後相隨。 是以聖人處無為之事,行不言之教;萬物作焉而不辭,生而不有,為而不恃,功成而弗居。 夫唯弗居,是以不去。 > When e...